Lets start first with c++ 

C++ is one of the basic language from which you can start to develop your concepts in programming because it is a statically typed, compiled, general-purpose, case-sensitive, free-form programming language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming.

you can also say that it is the extended version of C language that was developed by sir Dennis Ritchie.

C++ is regarded as a mid-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, as an enhancement to the C language and originally named C with Classes but later it was renamed C++ in 1983.

C++ is a super set of C, and that virtually any legal C program is a legal C++ program.

Note: A programming language is said to use static typing when type checking is performed during compile-time as opposed to run-time.

Object - Oriented programming 

C++ fully supports object-oriented programming, including the four concepts of object-oriented development:

• Encapsulation or Wrapping up of data into single or individual unit.
• Data hiding Using classes.
• Inheritance by inheriting other classes.
• Polymorphism
• we will discuss about these points in coming posts. 

 Standard C++ consists of three important parts:

• The core language giving all the building blocks including variables, data types and literals, etc.
• The C++ Standard Library giving a rich set of functions manipulating files, strings, etc.
• The Standard Template Library (STL) giving a rich set of methods manipulating data structures, etc.
• ANSI Standard American National Standards Institute

The ANSI standard is an attempt to ensure that C++ is portable -- that code you write for Microsoft's compiler will compile without errors, using a compiler on a Mac, UNIX, a Windows box, or an Alpha.

The ANSI standard has been stable for a while, and all the major C++ compiler manufacturers support the ANSI standard.

C++ usage

C++ is used by hundreds of thousands of programmers in essentially every application domain.

C++ is being highly used to write device drivers and other software that rely on direct manipulation of hardware under real time constraints.

C++ is widely used for teaching and research because it is clean enough for successful teaching of basic concepts.

Anyone who has used either an Apple Macintosh or a PC running Windows has indirectly used C++ because the primary user interfaces of these systems are written in C++.

How to learn C++ effectively

The most important thing to do when learning C++ is to focus on concepts and not get lost in language technical details.

The purpose of learning a programming language is to become a better programmer; that is, to become more effective at designing and implementing new systems and at maintaining old ones.

C++ supports a variety of programming styles. You can write in the style of Fortran, C, Smalltalk, etc., in any language. Each style can achieve its aims effectively while maintaining run-time and space efficiency. And always remember one thing the only way to learn language is that you have to try it yourself. 

History of Programming : A beginning of evolution in computer programming

From the beginning when all this started in the mid of 19th century. Many great personalities presented their views and ideas regarding the computing. Basically from the beginning of second generation of computer the concept of high level language started and implemented later on in the third generation . Earlier when first analog calculator abacus was invented after that all programming inside computer was done in low level or you can say machine language which implements on 0's and 1's.

Computer programming (often shortened to programming) is a process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executablecomputer programs. Programming involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding) of algorithms in a target programming language. programming languages. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem. The process of programming thus often requires expertise in many different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms and formal logic.
Related tasks include testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code, implementation of the build system, and management of derived artifacts such as machine code of computer programs. These might be considered part of the programming process, but often the term software development is used for this larger process with the term programming, implementation, or coding reserved for the actual writing of source code. Software engineering combines engineering techniques with software development practices.