Lets start first with c++ 

C++ is one of the basic language from which you can start to develop your concepts in programming because it is a statically typed, compiled, general-purpose, case-sensitive, free-form programming language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming.

you can also say that it is the extended version of C language that was developed by sir Dennis Ritchie.

C++ is regarded as a mid-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, as an enhancement to the C language and originally named C with Classes but later it was renamed C++ in 1983.

C++ is a super set of C, and that virtually any legal C program is a legal C++ program.

Note: A programming language is said to use static typing when type checking is performed during compile-time as opposed to run-time.

Object - Oriented programming 

C++ fully supports object-oriented programming, including the four concepts of object-oriented development:

• Encapsulation or Wrapping up of data into single or individual unit.
• Data hiding Using classes.
• Inheritance by inheriting other classes.
• Polymorphism
• we will discuss about these points in coming posts. 

 Standard C++ consists of three important parts:

• The core language giving all the building blocks including variables, data types and literals, etc.
• The C++ Standard Library giving a rich set of functions manipulating files, strings, etc.
• The Standard Template Library (STL) giving a rich set of methods manipulating data structures, etc.
• ANSI Standard American National Standards Institute

The ANSI standard is an attempt to ensure that C++ is portable -- that code you write for Microsoft's compiler will compile without errors, using a compiler on a Mac, UNIX, a Windows box, or an Alpha.

The ANSI standard has been stable for a while, and all the major C++ compiler manufacturers support the ANSI standard.

C++ usage

C++ is used by hundreds of thousands of programmers in essentially every application domain.

C++ is being highly used to write device drivers and other software that rely on direct manipulation of hardware under real time constraints.

C++ is widely used for teaching and research because it is clean enough for successful teaching of basic concepts.

Anyone who has used either an Apple Macintosh or a PC running Windows has indirectly used C++ because the primary user interfaces of these systems are written in C++.

How to learn C++ effectively

The most important thing to do when learning C++ is to focus on concepts and not get lost in language technical details.

The purpose of learning a programming language is to become a better programmer; that is, to become more effective at designing and implementing new systems and at maintaining old ones.

C++ supports a variety of programming styles. You can write in the style of Fortran, C, Smalltalk, etc., in any language. Each style can achieve its aims effectively while maintaining run-time and space efficiency. And always remember one thing the only way to learn language is that you have to try it yourself.